Faktor Pendorong Migrasi Tenaga Kerja dari Kabupaten ke Kota

Abstract

This study aims to identify the driving factors, barriers, and formulate strategic interventions for labor migration from districts to cities. This phenomenon reflects the structural imbalance of regional development in Indonesia, where cities serve as economic growth centers offering opportunities unavailable in rural areas, while districts face limited access to labor markets, capital, and technology. The method employed is library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach through content analysis of various scientific literature, BPS reports, and related policy documents. The findings reveal that the driving factors of migration include income and employment disparities, structural-institutional inequalities, socio-demographic factors, environmental degradation, and psychosocial aspirations. On the other hand, the barriers encountered encompass financial constraints, limited information access, socio-cultural ties, skill gaps, and administrative bureaucracy. The formulated strategies include strengthening local economies in districts, facilitating safe migration through micro-credit schemes and vocational training, as well as protecting migrants in cities through administrative digitalization and competency certification. In conclusion, labor migration requires an integrated policy approach that not only controls the flow but also improves structural conditions in origin areas and protects migrants in destination areas, so that labor mobility can take place productively and equitably.