PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.) TERHADAP KADAR IL-10 PADA PENYAKIT DM TIPE 2 PADA TIKUS YANG DIINJEKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a global health issue, while modern antidiabetic drugs are relatively expensive and associated with side effects. Gambir leaves (*Uncaria gambir* Roxb.) contain polyphenols, phenols, and catechins—compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties capable of reducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gambir leaf extract (*Uncaria gambir* Roxb.) on IL-10 levels in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. This was an experimental study utilizing a post-test-only control group design. The sample consisted of 28 male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups: K- (negative control; streptozotocin-induced at 50 mg/kg BW), K+ (positive control; treated with metformin at 45 mg/kg BW), P1 (treatment group 1; treated with Gambir leaf extract at 300 mg/kg BW), and P2 (treatment group 2; treated with Gambir leaf extract at 400 mg/kg BW). On day 22, IL-10 levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and one-way ANOVA, followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Mean IL-10 levels were as follows: K- = 31.15 ± 2.7 pg/mL; K+ = 80.5 ± 2.9 pg/mL; P1 = 90.15 ± 3.6 pg/mL; and P2 = 106.3 ± 2.9 pg/mL. One-way ANOVA revealed differences between groups (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). Post Hoc LSD analysis showed significant differences between all groups (p < 0.05).