DAMPAK INOVASI DIGITAL (TELEMEDICINE, AI) TERHADAP EFISIENSI BIAYA PELAYANAN KESEHATAN: TINJAUAN EKONOMI KESEHATAN GLOBAL DAN LOKAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v2i8.875Keywords:
Telemedicine, Artificial Intelligence, Cost-effectiveness, Digital Health, Health System Efficiency.Abstract
Kemajuan pesat inovasi kesehatan digital—terutama telemedicine dan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI)—telah secara signifikan mentransformasi penyelenggaraan layanan kesehatan baik dalam skala global maupun lokal. Dipicu oleh pandemi COVID-19, integrasi telemedicine telah memperluas akses, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, dan menurunkan biaya pelayanan kesehatan, khususnya di daerah terpencil atau kurang terlayani. Demikian pula, teknologi AI telah menunjukkan akurasi tinggi dalam diagnosis, pemantauan efektif terhadap penyakit kronis, serta optimalisasi pengambilan keputusan klinis, yang menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi yang terukur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan komprehensif mengenai evolusi dan implementasi inovasi digital dalam bidang kesehatan, serta menganalisis efektivitas biaya dalam menurunkan biaya operasional dan beban pasien. Sebuah tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan terhadap studi-studi terpublikasi dalam jurnal bereputasi antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025, dengan fokus pada evaluasi ekonomi intervensi kesehatan berbasis telemedicine dan AI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi kesehatan digital dapat menghasilkan penghematan biaya yang substansial—hingga 40%—serta meningkatkan efisiensi layanan. Namun, sejumlah tantangan masih ada, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, termasuk keterbatasan infrastruktur digital, fragmentasi regulasi, dan rendahnya literasi digital di kalangan tenaga kesehatan maupun pasien. Mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut melalui penyelarasan kebijakan, pelatihan tenaga kerja, dan investasi infrastruktur menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan adopsi berkelanjutan dari solusi kesehatan digital yang dapat berkontribusi pada pembangunan ekonomi kesehatan yang efisien dan berkeadilan.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Monica Rizqi Yanuar Setyowati, Dhimas Dita Rahadian, Budi Hartono, Alfani Ghutsa Daud (Author)
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