PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TERHADAP KEABSAHAN ALAT BUKTI ELEKTRONIK DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA PIDANA

Abstract

The development of information technology has encouraged changes in Indonesia’s criminal evidentiary system, particularly regarding the use of electronic evidence. The increasing use of digital data, such as video recordings, electronic mail, digital communications, and electronic documents, has made electronic evidence an important component in law enforcement processes. At the same time, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents new challenges, as this technology is capable of generating and modifying images, videos, audio recordings, and digital documents with a high degree of resemblance to authentic data. This study aims to analyze the position of electronic evidence within Indonesia’s criminal evidentiary system and examine the influence of Artificial Intelligence on the validity of electronic evidence. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources in the form of legislation and secondary legal sources, including books, journals, and relevant scholarly articles. The results indicate that electronic evidence has gained legal recognition through the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions and has been further strengthened by Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code, which explicitly recognizes electronic evidence as an independent and valid form of evidence. Nevertheless, the development of Artificial Intelligence may affect the validity of electronic evidence due to its capability to manipulate digital data. Therefore, verification mechanisms through digital forensic examinations, the implementation of the chain of custody principle, and expert testimony are necessary to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings.