Sustainability and Financial Outcomes: The Impact of ROA, ESG, and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v3i1.1619Keywords:
Tax Avoidance, ROA, ESGAbstract
This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), and firm size on tax avoidance in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2024 period. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from corporate financial statements and sustainability reports. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 216 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using Stata software, accompanied by classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that ROA and ESG have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, suggesting that firms with higher profitability and stronger sustainability performance tend to exhibit higher tax compliance. Meanwhile, firm size shows a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously, ROA, ESG, and firm size significantly influence tax avoidance. These findings support Legitimacy Theory and provide implications for corporate management and policymakers in promoting corporate tax compliance.
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References
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Dewanti, R. A., & Rusydi, M. K. (2025). The Influence of ESG Disclosure on Tax Avoidance (Study on ESG Leaders Index Companies Listed on IDX in 2019-2023). International Journal of Research on Finance & Business (IJRFB), 6(1), 150–169.
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Cristan, Y., & Poniman. (2023). Pengaruh Struktur Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 7(April), 1096–1112.
Dalimunthe, E. S., Fachrudin, K. A., & Nasution, F. N. (2024). The Effect of Corporate Sustainability Practices on Tax Avoidance : Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Strategic Management and Business Simulation (JMASSBI), 5(2), 62–71.
Dewanti, R. A., & Rusydi, M. K. (2025). The Influence of ESG Disclosure on Tax Avoidance (Study on ESG Leaders Index Companies Listed on IDX in 2019-2023). International Journal of Research on Finance & Business (IJRFB), 6(1), 150–169.
Dewi, S., Halim, J., Supriyanto, S., Karjantoro, H., & Hendi, H. (2025). The Impact of Audit Committee and Audit Partner Tenure on Tax Avoidance in Banking. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 29(1), 80–90.
Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.
Durlista, M. A., & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social dan Governance (ESG) terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Batu Bara Periode 2017-2022. JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 7(3), 210–232.
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Faradita, M. P., & Kurniawan, R. (2024). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental , Social , and Governance terhadap Agresivitas Pajak dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. AKADEMIK Jurnal Mahasiswa Ekonomi & Bisnis, 4(1), 207–216.
Fitriyah, Putri, Karim, N., & Djasuli, M. (2025). Literature Review : Mekanisme Hubungan Antara Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Disclosure dan Nilai Perusahaan di Negara Berkembang. JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 9(3), 2509–2518.
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Hidayat, I., & Maulidiyah, L. (2022). Pengaruh Return on Asset, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Effect. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Finansial Indonesia, 5(2), 69–76.
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Junaidi, H., & Yunita, K. (2024). The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance (The Evidence of Indonesia Agriculture Sector). Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi UNTAN (KIAFE), 2(3), 16–31.
Khairin, M. Y., & Firmansyah, A. (2025). The ESG-Tax Avoidance Nexus in SOEs : Do Investment , Strategy , and Political Ties Matter. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 26(1), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v26i1.23638
Kharisma, O., & Saridawati. (2025). Pengaruh Return on Asset dan Intensitas Asset Tetap terhadap Penghindaran Pajak ( Tax Avoidance ) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Bidang Usaha Konstruksi yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode Tahun 2021 -. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 344–357.
Kodriyah, Burhanudin, & Sukiyaningsihni, T. W. (2023). CSR , Ukuran Perusahaan , dan Kepemilikan Institusional : Implikasinya terhadap Tax Avoidance. LAWSUIT Jurnal Perpajakan, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30656/lawsuit.
Kriswanti, M., & Indriani, R. (2025). The Role of ESG in Moderating Corporate Tax Avoidance and Firm Value. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen (SAKMAN), 5(1), 243–255.
Lee, J., & Kim, S. (2021). Designation as the Most Admired Firms to the Sustainable Management of Taxes : Evidence from South Korea. Sustainability, 13(7994), 1–17.
Mayangsari, S. R., Rusydi, M. K., & Amirya, M. (2024). ESG Disclosure: Moderating Thin Capitalization, Transfer Pricing and Tax Aggressiveness. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 14(03), 570–585.
Mayndarto, E. C. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Otomotif yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(1), 426–442.
Munawir. (2007). Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Liberty.
Musyafiq, N., Mansur, F., & Safelia, N. (2025). The Effect of Capital Intensity, Sales Growth and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Universitas Jambi, 10(01), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22437/jaku.v10i01.45717
Nugraha, S. Y., & Firmansyah, A. (2025). Transfer Pricing and Tax Avoidance : The Moderating Role of Thin Capitalization.
Nurlaely, H., & Dewi, R. R. (2023). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Governance, Environmental Social Governance, Environmental Uncertainty dan Corporate Reputation terhadap Tax Avoidance. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 08(01), 1–15.
Oktavian, I. T., & Mukhibad, H. (2022). Determinan Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Dimoderasi oleh Insider Ownership. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(April), 1350–1362.
Paramita, A. S., Ardiansah, M. N., & Delyuzar, R. A. (2023). The Analysis of Leverage , Return on Assets , and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance. Accounting Analysis Journal, 11(26), 186–195.
Pertiwi, A. (2024). Pengaruh DER , ROA , Company Size dan Audit Committee terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan Syariah (JKUBS), 3(1), 106–121.
Pohan, C. A. (2013). Manajemen Perpajakan: Strategi Perencanaan Pajak dan Bisnis. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Prameswari, D. E. A., Yani, A., & Suaidah, I. (2025). Apakah ROA , Leverage , Good Corporate Governance , Ukuran Perusahaan , dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal Berperan dalam Tax Avoidance ? Reviu Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 9(2), 251–266.
Prang, B. B. H., Warongan, J. D. L., & Mintalangi, S. S. E. (2024). Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Keuangan Korporat, 2(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.58784/mbkk.100
Pratiwi, N. I., Fuadah, L. L., & Yunisvita. (2024). The Influence Of Environmental, Social, And Governance (ESG) And Capital Intensity On Tax Avoidance In Public Companies Listed On The Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 7772–7783.
Pusphitasaria, & Indradi, D. (2024). Pengaruh Penghindaran Pajak dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomika Dan Bisnis (JEBS), 4(5), 693–699.
Putri, A. R., & Efendi, D. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance). Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 12(3), 1–14.
Putri, W. A., & Halmawati. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Tata Kelola Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance: Studi Empiris Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA), 5(1), 176–192.
Ramadhan, F. A., & Purnamasari, D. (2025). Pengaruh Transfer Pricing , Profitabilitas , dan Leverage Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak ( Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Coal Production yang Terdaftar di BEI 2019-2023. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 9(April), 1557–1568.
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